What Is a Good SAT Subject Test Score

What Is a Good SAT Subject Test Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What's a good Subject Test score? This might soundlike a straightforward question, but it's actually a little more complicated. What makes a good score varies by SAT Subject Test as the number of test takers differs from test to test. For instance, in 2017 more than 140,000 students took the Math Level II Test, more than 48,000 students took the Literature Test, and only 453 took the Modern Hebrew Test. As you'll see below, most good scores for SAT Subject Tests are in the 700s, but there are other factors to consider as you set your target scores. Let's take a look at the average scores and percentiles so you can know what a good score is for each individual SAT Subject Test. While we'll be looking at statistics and college requirements to answer this question, it's also important you learn to define what "good" means to you. Ultimately, with effort and preparation, you should be proud of the Subject Test scores you achieve! What Are the Average SAT Subject Test Scores? Good SAT Subject Test scores tend to be a fair deal higher than good scores on the general SAT since high academic achievers tend to take the Subject Tests. The following chart shows the 2018 averages for each SAT Subject Test. For a full breakdown of what these average scores mean, check out this article. SAT Subject Test Mean Score Chemistry 666 Chinese with Listening 760 Ecological Biology 618 French 628 French with Listening 668 German 620 German with Listening 618 Italian 666 Japanese with Listening 703 Korean with Listening 761 Latin 626 Literature 607 Math Level I 605 Math Level II 693 Modern Hebrew 612 Molecular Biology 650 Physics 667 Spanish 647 Spanish with Listening 662 U.S. History 640 World History 622 Source: The College Board See how the average score for Korean with Listening is an incredibly high 761? The average for Math Level I looks like a more reasonable 605. So a "good" score would be higher than average, maybe even in the top 25% of test takers, or top 5% if you're shooting for the Ivy League. Based on these averages, a score of 700 could mean completely different things depending on the test. It would be a strong score on the Literature test but only slightly above average on Math Level II. And on the Korean with Listening test, a 700 would be way below average. Now that you have a sense of the average scores for each test and why they matter for your percentile,let's look at the most recent score percentiles. What Are the SAT Subject Test Score Percentiles? Along with getting a score somewhere between 200 and 800, you also get a score percentile, which compares you with other students who took the test. Scoring in the 80th percentile, for example, means you scored higher than 80% of students. The charts below show how scores translated to percentiles for test takers in 2018. All information is taken from the College Board. Literature, History, and Math Subject Tests Score Literature U.S. History World History Math Level I Math Level II Score 800 99 97 96 99 79 800 790 98 95 94 98 75 790 780 96 93 92 98 71 780 770 94 90 90 96 67 770 760 93 87 87 95 63 760 750 91 83 85 92 60 750 740 88 80 83 89 57 740 730 85 76 80 86 54 730 720 82 72 76 82 50 720 710 79 68 74 78 48 710 700 75 64 71 74 45 700 690 71 60 68 71 42 690 680 67 56 64 68 39 680 670 65 52 61 65 37 670 660 60 49 58 61 34 660 650 56 46 55 57 31 650 640 53 42 52 54 28 640 630 49 39 49 51 26 630 Science Subject Tests Score Biology E Biology M Chemistry Physics Score 800 97 94 90 87 800 790 96 91 87 84 790 780 95 89 83 81 780 770 92 86 80 77 770 760 91 82 76 74 760 750 88 79 72 70 750 740 86 75 68 67 740 730 83 72 64 63 730 720 80 68 60 60 720 710 77 64 57 57 710 700 74 61 54 53 700 690 70 57 50 50 690 680 67 53 47 47 680 670 63 50 44 43 670 660 60 46 41 41 660 650 55 42 38 38 650 640 52 39 35 35 640 Language With Listening Subject Tests Score Chinese French German Japanese Korean Spanish Score 800 62 80 96 88 62 94 800 790 46 78 96 75 47 91 790 780 35 76 92 68 36 86 780 770 30 73 90 63 30 82 770 760 25 70 88 55 25 78 760 750 22 66 83 50 21 74 750 740 20 64 80 46 18 69 740 730 17 61 76 43 16 66 730 720 15 57 73 40 13 62 720 710 14 55 70 35 12 58 710 700 12 53 66 33 11 55 700 690 11 49 63 32 10 51 690 680 10 47 60 29 9 46 680 670 9 44 57 27 8 43 670 660 8 40 54 25 7 40 660 650 7 38 52 24 6 38 650 Language (Without Listening) Subject Tests Score French German Modern Hebrew Italian Latin Spanish Score 800 87 93 85 88 94 92 800 790 86 88 81 81 92 90 790 780 84 85 77 77 90 87 780 770 81 82 75 72 89 84 770 760 79 81 74 69 86 80 760 750 77 76 71 64 82 77 750 740 74 73 70 61 81 74 740 730 72 71 68 57 77 70 730 720 69 67 66 54 74 67 720 710 67 66 66 52 70 64 710 700 65 63 63 49 67 60 700 690 62 60 62 46 66 57 690 680 60 59 60 43 62 54 680 670 58 56 59 40 60 50 670 660 55 53 57 38 57 47 660 650 53 51 55 36 54 44 650 640 50 49 53 33 51 41 640 630 47 47 51 31 49 38 630 As you can see, there's a lot of variation in percentiles among SAT Subject Tests. That's what makes answering the question of what's a good SAT Subject Test score a bit more complicated. Some tests are considered easier than others, and percentiles can be more competitive depending on the population of test takers. Based on this data, here are my suggestions for good and excellent scores for each test. These are the scores you should aim for if you want to achieve the 70th percentile or above, 80th percentile or above, or 90th percentile or above. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Good and Excellent SAT Subject Test Scores The last way to identify a great SAT Subject Test score is to find out which score you need in order to hit a certain percentile. Below, we've compiled all of the scores needed to reach the 70th, 80th, and 90th percentiles on each Subject Test: Subject Test 70th %ile+ 80th %ile+ 90th %ile+ Chemistry 740-750 770 800 Chinese with Listening 800 800 800 Ecological Biology 690 720 750-760 French 720-730 760-770 800 French with Listening 760 800 800 German 720-730 750-760 790-800 German with Listening 710 740 770 Italian 760-770 780-790 800 Japanese with Listening 780-790 790-800 800 Korean with Listening 800 800 800 Latin 710 730-740 780 Literature 680-690 710-720 740-750 Math Level I 680-690 710-720 740-750 Math Level II 770-780 800 800 Modern Hebrew 740 780-790 800 Molecular Biology 720-730 750-760 780-790 Physics 750 770-780 800 Spanish 730 760 790 Spanish with Listening 740-750 760-770 780-790 U.S. History 710-720 740 770 World History 690-700 730 770 Source: The College Board Some tests, such as Math Level II, Chemistry, Physics, Chinese with Listening, French, French with Listening, Italian, Japanese with Listening, Korean with Listening, and Modern Hebrew, require near-perfect scores to get a high percentile! Don't feel overwhelmed by this, though. A lot of these tests have high averages and low standard deviations, meaning that most well-prepared students are able to get a high score near or above the average. If these subjects are your strong suit, then you are statistically likely to be able to achieve a very high score. On the flip side, if you're not so strong in math, chemistry, physics, or these other subjects, keep in mind that the grading curve is very competitive- you'll be competing with students likely bound for top engineering and technical schools, such as Caltech and MIT (or native speakers for any of the language tests). Reflect on your academic strengths and subject mastery to determine whether one of these tests is right for you. As I mentioned earlier, good SAT Subject Test scores are higher than good scores on the general SAT. As you can see, to score in the 70th percentile or higher, you'll have to get in the 700s for almost allsubject tests. There is one more consideration when determining good scores on the SAT Subject Tests: the colleges you're applying to. Your percentiles are comparing you with all students who took the test- but not all of these students are applying to the same colleges as you. Therefore, it's helpful to get a sense of what the average Subject Test scores are for your colleges specifically. What scores do they expect to see? Do admitted students usually score in the low 700s or high 700s? Will the school overlook a low percentile on a Subject Test if it knows the curve for that test was particularly competitive? Let's consider these questions a little more in-depth. Uncovering your college's requirements might take a bit of detective work. What SAT Subject Test Scores Do Your Colleges Want? As with all the other parts of your application, you want to know what your colleges are looking for. What SAT scores do you need? What do they consider a strong GPA? Unfortunately, colleges can be pretty evasive when it comes to giving you answers to these types of questions. Instead, they stress that it's a holistic process andthat admissions officers are looking at all elements of your application to get a sense of who you are as a person. While this is all well and good and you wouldn't want your candidacy to be boiled down only to facts and figures, it still leaves you a bit stuck when it comes to the SAT and SAT Subject Tests. The first step you can take is toresearch the admissions websites of your colleges. Simply Google the name of the college along with "SAT Subject Tests" or "average SAT Subject Test scores" and you might find exactly what you're looking for. If this is a dead end, you could try calling admissions officers and asking if they will share this data (or at least their recommendations). If you're concerned about bothering them, don't be! Lots of admissions officers have tons of valuable information and are happy to share. Plus,demonstrating that you have a vested interest in the college- for example,by speaking with people on campus, visiting the school, or even just putting your name on mailing lists- will further strengthen your application. With the college process, there's nothing helpful about playing hard to get. Put yourself out there! If your sights are set on the Ivy League, check out our article on the Subject Test scores and requirements for the Ivy League. Finally, let's step outside statistics and requirements and consider your own personal goals. Did you celebrate 3/14 this year? Show off your affinity for math by scoring high on the Math Subject Test. How to Customize Your Target SAT Subject Test Scores What are your personal goals for the SAT Subject Tests? Have you memorized the first 100 digits of pi, or are you always the one who calculates the tip at dinner? If you consider yourself a math whiz, then it might be very important for you to score highly on the Math Subject Test. When I was in high school, I absolutely loved English class. Reading and analyzing books revealed new ways of thinking about the world and human relationships. Even when it was hard work, it was work I wanted to do. This doesn't mean I was naturally able to score a perfect score on the Literature Subject Test, though. That test used a much different way of demonstrating subject mastery than my normal classwork did, especially considering its strict time limits. But I felt driven to score well, so I studied practice questions and trained myself to read passages and answer questions under tight time limits. By reflecting on your strengths and interests, as well as by taking practice tests and scoring them yourself, you can develop your own sense of what a good Subject Test score is for you. Once you've set your target scores, tape them to your wall so you can see them every day. Sharing your goals with friends, study buddies, or family members is another good way to stay focused. Once you've set your goals based on this information and your colleges' expectations, you can start preparing for the SAT Subject Tests you've chosen.The College Board offers a helpful breakdown of each Subject Test in addition to practice questions. You can also check out our other resources below to answer any other questions you have about the Subject Tests or SAT. What's Next? You know what makes for good scores on the SAT Subject Tests, but have you decided which ones you're going to take? Check out our expert guide on which Subject Tests you should take. Are you also studying for the SAT? Just as with the Subject Tests, you'll want to set score goals for yourself and work toward achieving them. Read here about good scores, bad scores, and excellent scores on the SAT. If you're considering the ACT instead, this article breaks down the scoring system and helps you set your target ACT scores. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

The Neurological Assessment of the Infant (Ages Birth to 12 months) Assignment

The Neurological Assessment of the Infant (Ages Birth to 12 months) - Assignment Example motor, cognitive, and socio-emotional or behavioral impairment). Because of the presence of developmental disorders, pre-term babies are at risks of experiencing more serious problems with regards to their motor, cognitive, and behavioral functioning as they grow older (Tronick & Lester, 2013). The best way to check the whether or not an infant is at risk of having developmental disability or disorder is to conduct neurological assessment/examination (Hadders-Algra et al., 2010). Aside from testing the potential link between an infant’s neurological, motor, and behavioral functioning, Noble and Boyd (2012) mentioned that it is possible to conduct both neuromotor and neurobehavioral examinations not only to detect potential dysfunction on the infant’s central nervous system. Often times, neurobehavioral examination is necessary to learn more about the infants’ behavioral strengths and weaknesses (Brown & Spittle, 2015). In practice, there are quite a lot of neurological tools which can be used in the actual examination. For instance, Tronick and Leste (2013) mentioned that NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) can be use in detecting signs of neurobehavioral impairment among infants. In another study, Gabriel, Formiga and Linhares (2013) mentioned that the Neurobehavioral Assessment of Preterm Infant (NAPI) can be use to examine pre-term infants’ body movements, alertness, and cry among many others. Through early assessment, healthcare professionals can advice the child’s parents about the most appropriate intervention to consider (Brown & Spittle, 2015). Brown, N., & Spittle, A. (2015). Neurobehavioral Evaluation in the Preterm and Term Infant. Current Pediatric Reviews. 2015. 11(4). Retrieved March 31, 2015, from http://benthamscience.com/journal/abstracts.php?journalID=cpr&articleID=121467 Gabriel, P., Formiga, C., & Linhares, M. (2013). Early Neurobehavioral

Uustal 1993 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Uustal 1993 - Essay Example Decision models coupled with the right moral thinking offer a useful tool for guidance for the process of value clarification. In addition, the Uustal model prevents the nurses from solely relying on their emotions and intuition for the making of any critical decision. The model outlines formal steps for the nurses to follow when they encounter an ethical dilemma (Uustal 1993). For the purpose of this paper, the Uustal model details the dilemma that I once faced concerning my civil repression after pushing a colleague off the staircases. It focuses on whether the actions may have been rational and reasonable at that particular time. The welfare of others forms a critical part of my daily activities as a nurse. In this instance, my civil detention for the purpose mental health treatment and evaluation seemed like the sole right course. On the contrary, the system does not look for the danger posed by the nurses to the people around them. By healthcare laws, it is everyone’s right to work in any of the health institutions.  I was provoked by my fellow nurse, Johnston Lambert, who I even unsuccessfully tried to warn, but he incessantly kept whispering abuses and offensive word to me. Unfortunately, I lost my temper and turned violent on his cunning nature. He kept taunting the other nurses who before my arrival had grown very scared of his antics. Utilitarianism theory state that the outcome determines whether an action is right or wrong. In accordance with this, I was boldly trying to defend my dignity and sense of self-worth. Apparently, Johnston Lambert faces a series of federal cases filed by the nurses that he had bullied and harassed. Retrospectively, the concerns raised by the senior staff indicate that there would have been another better way that the whole issues would have been. The board issued me a verbal reprimand for my actions. Consequently, I received a transfer from the nursing home to my current workplace. It

Defending the Faith in the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Defending the Faith in the Middle East - Essay Example Consider Imperial Russia's case to be the benefactor of Orthodox Christendom, a case focused on its major territorial opponent, the Ottoman Empire. Taking after the Ottoman rout in the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774, the Treaty of Kutchuk Kainardji permitted Russia to speak to Orthodox Christians in Ottoman lands. In spite of the fact that the settlement gave the ruler just the privilege to fabricate an Orthodox Church. Over the next decades, it progressively interfered in the sultan's relations with his Orthodox subjects, undermining Ottoman power. Additionally, Imperial France asserted to be the benefactor of worldwide Catholicism, particularly the Maronites of the Ottoman Levant. By the nineteenth century, Paris was perceived as having the privilege to intercede for the benefit of the sultan's Catholic subjects. "In the Orient, where the power of men is measured by the quantity of their customers, the improvement of our Catholic demographic is a national enthusiasm for us," compos ed the French history specialist Ernest Lavisse. The political issues of religion undermined the Westphalian request, in light of the standards regional respectability and of state power. In the meantime, these strategies subverted states, filled divisions inside of them — and frequently finished in brutality. Iran's endeavors to end up the worldwide guard of Shiite Muslims and Saudi Arabia's efforts to lead the Sunnis have gotten to be focal in their fight for dominance of the Middle East, changing the locale's global framework.

Marketing plan of Tata Nano for UK market

Marketing plan of Tata Nano for UK market Tata is one of the biggest automobile manufacturer in India. Last year they have launch Nano which is the cheapest private car in the world. It is around Rs 1,000,000 which is  £1452.53 approx. Mr Ratan the chairman of Tata Ltd announced Nano model which a common middle class Indian can afford it easily and they called it as the Peoples Car. Nano was launched India 1st April, 2009. It was expected to be on road in July of the same year. It created a buzz in 2008 when it was first shown in an auto exhibition. People were so excited on the launching that on the first day of booking it received 5500 booking. The question arises, what makes Nano so affordable and cheap? Answer to this question Tata made it parts lighter, smaller, took all the shallow parts and changed without compromising the safety and fulfilment of environmental factors. According to Windecker (2005) these situation gives an emphasis the power of society of different cultures. In which low price cars have given high first choice over luxury, SUVs and sports cars. The latest trend has shown that low price cars are more in demand than the others even in the markets like US and UK. The Tata should be focus on the UK market. The reason behind selecting UK market as the primary target market is the status of India as a reasonable means in the market; UK Automobile market has the potential dynamics, potentials and communication similarities which are due to help an Indian company in the UK. The other potential markets that are to be considered are USA and Russia. USA is one of the largest markets in the world countries but th e reason for not considering US market as preferential is because quality requirements are very high and some non tariff obstacles which make it slightly harder for a new competitor to go into this market. The other reason is because the markets level of maturity, experience and competive pressure is quite high. On the other hand in Russian market, there were several factors high taxes on the new competitor etc which do not support an international company like Tata. This reason makes it less eye-catching than the UK market. The main being the development of the country is quiet tentative and dealers market is underdeveloped. The three models Tata Nano available in the market. Tata Nano, Tata Nano CX and Tata Nano LX. All the parts of the models of Nano will be imported to United Kingdom by Tata Industries. The car can be assembled by the factories in Halewood and in Northwest England. Tata Motors already have dealers in East Kent Audi in Kent and White May fair Audi in Greater London. Tata can distribute Tata Nano cars through these distribution centres only. 2.0 SITUATION ANALYSIS: Tata Motors Limited is arguably Indias largest automobile Company; it has revenues of over Rs. 1600 crores last year. Its Commercial vehicles are largest selling vehicles, and also it is ranked in top three in the passenger vehicles segment. Few of Tata vehicles also won the prizes in last three years. Another large announcement was made by Tata regarding their progress in the passenger vehicle segment. In January 2008 Tata announced that, The company would release a $2,500 car that could replace the motor scooters commonly used in developing countries to car around whole families (Carty, USA Today). The company is fourth largest truck and the second largest bus manufacturer in the world. Tata Motors also acquired Fords UK based car brands Jaguar and Land Rover in March 2008(BBC News, 2008). Ratan Naval Tata (Chairman of Tata Group), insist the need for an innovation like Nano is because of the nature of the market and transport of the country. In India availability and quality of mass transport are major problems. The two seated motorcycle is normally considered to be a family vehicle in India, Even though motorcycles are quite dangerous mode of transporting for a family. So with this in mind Tata Nano was created as a safer form of transport. (Pradeep Thakur, 2009) 3.0 Market Summary : The estimated number of cars on the road of United Kingdom more than 28 million, as per the survey more than 35% of the car on the road are low price vehicles. The price of such low price cars are estimated about say  £4500 to  £ 4812, which is almost 3 times higher than the price of TATA Nano.( Svend Hollensen, 2010) 3.1 Target Markets Identifying the target market for launching any product is necessary. So Tata have recognise the lower income group with family, students, first time buyers mainly young population, and used cars buyers as their potential target market. 3.2Positioning The greatest USP of Tata Nano is that it is the worlds cheapest car while being eco friendly as well. The company have not compromise the quality and safety of the car while making it cheapest car. By leveraging Tata Nanos competitive edge the positioning of the product can be achieved: industries Tata Motor who has been in vehicles industries (commercial, passengers utilities) since 1945 is already an experience player in the automobile market. Tata motor has good relationship with more than 100 components suppliers( Jagmohan Raju, 2010). 3.3 Geographics Tata Motors has targeted the urban area market such as London. Because according to the survey more than 60% of cars running in London are in lower price range. Secondary, the presence of Asian Community in London, Tata is a renowned name in automobile sector in India. That can play the fact that the market Tata is entering is not entirely new and it already have brand recognition. 3.4 Distribution review Tata Nano will be positioned as an affordable car in overseas markets same as it was done in Indian market.. The car will be assembled at pre-defined locations as the Easy to assemble kit will be imported from India. The proposed locations are Northwest England and Halewood. Its redistribution to showrooms can be done on regional basis. More than 40 sales offices will be opened throughout United Kingdom. 3.5 Competitor review The main competitors are Volkwagen, Renault, Peugeot, Toyota, BMW, Citroen, Ford, GM (Vauxhall), and Honda. As per the SMMT statistics, top Companies in selling cars in United kingdom are as follows: 4.0 SWOT Analysis: 4.1 Strengths: The first and foremost strength is that the car has low price, stylish, high fuel efficiency and environment friendly (Green House). Tata as company is already a known brand in the world which can create enough brand awareness in people to consider the product. The response of the car was very heart warming in the country of launch which increase the company turn over as well as the trading profit. Weakness The main weakness of the product is lack of luxury quality. And mere perception of the people because of the price of the product. The sophisticated buyer will feel that the product is not worth buying because of its price. The product is not technologically advance and the performance is average in compare to its competitors. 4.3 Opportunities: The product is relatively new. So in this case it can create an opportunity to Tata. As Nano is a nice specimen of Innovation. This is also an opportunity to the company to enhance its global presence. The market demand of lower price cars can also be an opportunity for the company launching the cheapest car in the world. 4.4 Threats: The major threat will be the competitors like Ford and GM. Their product Ka and Astra respectively are already major players in the market. The volatility of fuel price can also be seen as a major threat. The change of legislations and foreign policies can also affect the plan of Tata. The other threat face by the company can be the oil crisis, recession etc. 5.0 Pestle Analysis: 5.1 Political: According to Hormazd sorabjee, a top indian car journalist, Tata Nano is the most eco friendly and politically acceptable car ever launched in the market. It is expected that Nano will pressurize the automobile industry globally for have direct model in its price range. Other automobile manufacturers like Volkswagen have already shown interest by announcing their plans for a model of lower price range. But the cost will be slightly more when the factors like tax and manufacturing costs will be taken into account. The market will be surely affected by the increase in the oil price due the global economic unsteadiness which can also be a major factor. Any increase in the oil prices will affect the sales of luxury car, as it will surely go down. Mintel in 2006 stated because of this issue, an increase in the level demand has been developed towards the car with smaller engine with fuel effieciency. According to KPMG, 2004 Administrative barriers which quality controls and operations requ irements are not to be overlooked and a higher emphasis will be given to all safety measures and emission level which will result in increase in production costs. Because of which profit margin on the product will decrease. Mintel, 2006 stated that the increase of traffic on the road of UK can increase the threat of high capacity overload. Hill in 2002 stated in his article that the political relations between countries of operations can also be the factor which can affect the company. For example if India will cooperate with the UK within the government policy of favourability the UK government can leverage in tariff and non-tariff barriers which can make the entry for the company in UK market easier. The foreign ownership regulations (The market expansion mode (Hill, 2002) the government has remove some regulatory control from large numbers of industries which includes automobile as well. This means that it is up to the foreign companies to choose their mode of expansion the UK according to their preferences. 5.2 Economic: Strategies of pricing and potential profit on investment are the major issues that affect the current as well as the future market growth. These factor are to be considered while selecting a market. The UK market is viewed as a very mature market (Mintel, 2006). According to the present scenario the market is estimated to reach the value of  £31billions. But the overall UK market is experiencing negative growth due to the maturity level of the consumers. Nevertheless due to the impact of certain factors like society and technology the car segments with lower price range have considerable growth prospects. Mintel (2006) claims that there is a significant decrease in the confidence of new cars consumers. The decrease in the rate of GBP has created various confusion for manufactures consumers operating in pounds. The cost of labour in the automobile industry highlighted, the cost factor and capability of direct and indirect costs becomes one of the key issues in maintain advantage. According to the opinion of the industry specialists (KPMG, 2004), the issue that will influence the decision selecting the location the most is the cost of labour. According to the survey (KPMG, 2007), a major importance is given by the company on the cost of labour which can is describe cost of their retirement fund, healthcare and their legal services. The growth of present political and economic boundaries for example European Union, all European Union markets are now considered as a single EU market. This political policy can help Tata motors for entering in various European markets like Italy and France According to estimations of Nieuwenhuis Wells (2003) the European Union attracts the companies as the target market for a car manufacturer will remain high. They claim that the EU as a target market will be maintained to attract the manufacturers because of the increase of its market value and size. 5.3 Social Factors: Demographic factor is one of most important social factors. It affects the risk taking nature, spending power, consumer trends, lifestyle, and value per customer. The change of demographic trends allows the company to construct a plan which suites the particular product. The current demographics have gradually weakened the sales of family cars in the UK. Lifestyles The change of lifestyles and habits of the consumer can have a direct impact on their expenditures; Mintel (2006) also pointed out that in UK recent increase in the culture of having two or more cars in the family. Mintel (2006) adds that the negative effect of market development and increase in the prices of oil is challenge by the impact of change in the lifestyle of the masses. Thus, on the contrary, Tata Nano will experience healthy growth despite a fall in the sales of automobile in the UK. Because our target market will be the high population of students and female drivers in the country, 5.4 Technological Factors: The doors for new transactional options are open by the rapid growth of Internet in the market. Currimbhoy (2004) suggests that because of the constant growth in the areas of technology, like in the fields of communication and digital technologies have formed new opportunities such as e-shopping, new channels for marketing and new tools of marketing research. According to Mintel (2006) the problem in increase in capacity can be tackled by the using e-shopping by the leading car distributors. The growth in the channels of e-exchange between agents will be able to benefit the supply chain strategy of the company. 5.5 Environmental Factors: As per the UK market, Tata Nano is made environmental friendly, Tata also has exceeds measures for regulating standards on safety and pollution. The aim is to make Nano an eco-friendly car for the masses. As per the UK standards the car has been modified by replacing the seatbelts, glass, light, tyres and engine. Speed in miles, Indian road are on klilometre. Accordint to Data monitor, 2006b the car subjected to undertake government official crash tests and is also has to undergo an overall inspection. Then only the car is given approval for sale. After these all inspections the price of the car is expected to increase (Datamonitor, 2006b) 6.0Porters Five Forces: 6.1 Competitors bargaining power: The UK is highly consolidated automobile market. The competition is between Ford, GM (Vauxhall), BMW, Volkwagen, Peugeot, Toyota, Renault, Citroen and Honda. Because of presence of powerful and establish competitors a requirement of product differentiation has been created. According to Mintel (2006) the tough competition in the market introduces a significant price pressure and requires increasing overall promotional costs. The manufacturers had to close certain plants to cut the costs and survive on the market because of the present market conditon. At the moment, the major competitive strategies are new product development, an improvement in supply chain and above all serving the needs of emerging market segments (Mintel, 2006). The emerging requirements demands extremely high level of responsiveness towards operational. 6.2 Buyers bargaining power: In the UK market the buyers experience very strong bargaining power because the intensity competition on the global scale is high and overcapacity issue UK is always on the rise. According to Mintel (2006) A high level of bargain seeking behaviour is shown by the buyers. 6.3 Suppliers bargaining power: Even though Automobile manufacturers have consolidated forming large entities they do not make a significant shift of bargaining power in OEM-suppliers relations. According to Veloso Kumar (2002) a consolidation of different supplier groups is gaining because of the OEM sector. The sections like demand chain partners and large car dealers are experiencing bargaining power because of the overcapacity. 6.4 Threat of substitutes: Apart from direct competition from public transport, the major competition for automobiles are other transport services like taxis. One of the major substitute threats are the second hand cars market.According to Mintel (2006) the steady accumulation of second-hand cars has become one of the major reasons of the dramatic fall of the sales of new cars. 6.5 Threat of New Entrant: The threat of new entrant is minimises because the level of entry barriers like conlosidated industry, RD capability and well developed value added chain are quite high. Nevertheless, because the industry is much globalised, the concept of new entrant is not that clear-cut, new geographical markets are entered by existing manufacturers. Datamonitor (2006) also states that there is not enough measures introduce by EU countries to protect the market if the Chinese manufacturers tried to flood EU markets in the future. 7.0 Marketing Mix Strategy: 7.1 Product Review: There are three variants in the Nano range: Nano, Nano CX and Nano LX Only the Nano CX variant would be introduced in the UK Market for the first stage Tata Nano LX will introduced in the UK Market during the following year The car has achieved its low price by minimizing costs on unnecessary luxuries, the basic Nano comes without front and rear fog lights, with a heater or air conditioning, with anti-lock brakes, only one single windscreen wiper, manually operated windows, manual steering with no air bags, tiny 12 wheels, plastic body parts joined with adhesive instead of more conventional metal and welding and a two cylinder 623 cc engine that provides a massive maximum speed of 65 mph (around 105 km/h). Among the features of the car are: 7.1.1 Stylish and comfortable The design for Nano is made designed by taking a family in mind, has a roomy passenger compartment with generous leg space and head room. It can comfortably adjust four persons. Four doors with high seating position make the people to have more leg and head room. Yet with a length of 3.1 metres, width of 1.5 metres and a height of 1.6 metres, with adequate ground clearance, it can effortlessly manoeuvre on busy roads in cities as well as in rural areas. Its mono-volume design, with wheels at the corners and the power train at the rear, enables it to uniquely combine both space and manoeuvrability, which will set a benchmark among small cars (Pradeep Thakur,2009). 7.1.2 Fuel-efficient engine Nano has a rear-wheel drive, all aluminium, two-cylinder, 523 cc, 33 PS, multi point fuel injection petrol engine. Two-cylinder gasoline engine with a single balancer shaft is used for the first time in any car. The design helps the car to minimise weight, which results in maximising performance for consumed energy and delivers high fuel efficiency. The electronic engine management system controls the performance of the car. 7.1.3 Meets all safety requirements The current regulatory requirements are all taken in consideration in the case of Nano. Nano actually exceeds all safety measures. It has a strong passenger compartment because of an all sheet-metal body, seats belts, intrusion-resistant doors, crumple zones and strong seats. 7.1.4 Environment-friendly Tata motors are known for manufacturing eco friendly in Indian Market. Nano is not different it has tailpipe emission performance exceeds regulatory requirements. Nano has a lower pollution level in comparison to all two-wheelers being manufactured in UK today. The car has low carbon dioxide emissions because of the high emission, thereby benefiting in two an affordable transportation solution with a low carbon footprint. 7.2 Branding By help of branding the consumer can identify manufacturer of a product and them to send the feed of the products performance to the concern manufacturer or distributor. Branding creates a different identity in the products and services from the other. The main task of branding strategies is to convince the consumers that there is a meaningful difference among brands in the product category. In the case Tata Nano, corporate name is combined with products name for the sake of branding. Tata is fourth largest heavy vehicle manufacturer in the world, and it is a good strategies to cash in the brand value of the manufacturer. 7.3 Product Strategy The Tata Nano CX model will be first introduced with a 3 years warranty. The next Tata Nano LX model will be introduced in the following year, because Tata as a brand will be established by then. For all marketing campaigns the brand and logo will be displayed everywhere and on the car as well. 7.4 Pricing Strategies The Cost price is an estimated GBP 2, 420 or equivalent to INR 174,903, which includes import tax, sales tax, duties excise assembly cost and shipment costs. The prices show a strategy by which shares can be taken from more settled competitors. 7.4.1 Setting the price selecting price objectives Major three objectives of Tata should be for an effort to position itself in the UK Automotive market. The objectives are: Survival, maximum current profit and maximum market share. 7.5 Survival Intense competition from UK second car manufacturer, Perodua for a share of the automotive market segment for the below 1,000 cc category will act as an incentive fot Tata Nano. It will ensure that the car covers variable costs as well as some fixed costs. Survival in the case of Nano is a short term objective as in the long run. 7.6 Maximum current profit Tata in UK will set a price that will maximize current profits, cash flow and return on investment, after taking into consideration the demand and costs involved. Because the category of small foreign cars has not been really tested by other manufacturers, therefore the demand is rather difficult to estimate but Tata Nano for having a good response towards its entry into the UK market. 7.7 Maximum Market Share Tata is set to launch low price for a new car in order to attract a maximum number of buyers and a large market share by will implementing the market-penetration pricing in the UK. The cost can be decrease by achieving high volume of sales. This will allow the company to further decrease the price of the product. In the UK car market the low price prodices more market growth, this show the high sensitivity of the market. Tata is also confident that as sales increases the production and distribution costs will also fall. By this Nano will help to keep out competition and maintain its low-price position. The low-price entry will provide all Perodua consumers to have a best alternative. 8.0 PROMOTION STRATEGIES 8.1 Objectives of Promotion Strategies Before determine the promotion strategies, we need to very clear about what are the objectives we need to achieve. We know as above, our missions are to promote Tata nano in a UK and increase the sales quarterly. Tata Nano is very new for UK, they feel fresh with this new brand and concept of this car. Tata Nano will get into market in 2010. Brand awareness and concept/knowledge of this new car should be the companys first and foremost objective for promotion. Tata Nano burst into the worldwide market in the short time because of being so cheap. The advertisement and organize the event or campaign in sufficient detail to establish the good brand attitudes should be done properly because Tata is still new to UK market. For creating a strong brand equity awareness of brand is very important. The second objective should be persuasion through the medium of knowledge. The comparison between Nano and other cars which are more expensive and are not afforded by everyone can approve to be a good marketing tool for Tata Nano. Besides that the scheme of 30 days money return guarantee will also be introduced for the promotional purpose We can also have a 3 years free maintenance scheme for Tata Nano like other major car manufacturers 8.2 Advertising Program The main aim is to inform UK market that Nano is the cheapest car in the world. Create an understanding in the consumer to buy Tata Nano not just because its cheap but also its safe, useful, all in good quality and also environment friendly by developing an advertising program. 8.3 Online Advertisement The online advertisement should the first step taken by the company. Tata Nano already created a Web site www.tatanano.com on March 2009 for a good communication with the concern consumer. In the Web site, all the details of the car and company with images and videos are provided to customers. This can be a good strategy to bring the consumers close to the histpry of the company so that they can be more satisfied. In addition to images and videos, the website also has a links which shows the public feedback of Nano. Besides that, Blogs have become an important for searching any major information you require. Blogs is best place where people of same interest can discuss their issues and concern. By establishing a blog network a company can easily monitor the feedback and even can look for the potential new consumer. Blogs and Internet are at present the best and cheapest way pf creating brand awareness globaly. 8.5 Television Advertisement Television is expensive mode of advertisement but its ia also very powerful as product is fully explained and secondly the product get an image by exposing it to television. Tata can show Nanos attributes and persuasively explaining their corresponding consumer benefits. The company should lower advertising budget and should only air the advertisement on national channel between 7 to 11 pm. A good advertisement always creates a need in the consumer mind which increases brand equity as well as improve sales. 8.4 Newspaper Advertisement Beside the television, most of the UK reads newspaper every day because of the fact there are around 10 newspaper companies circulating it for free. So this can be a good mode for market coverage in a big city like London. Newspaper advertising is also not so expensive. 9.0 Channel of Distribution Strategies 9.1 Direct marketing channel (zero-level channel) Manufacturer Customers Tata Nano in UK can sold directly to its concern customers. By visiting the sales office or any special event the customer deal directly with the companies dealers for booking. Besides that, there should be a 24X7 customer care centre from where customers can get all the information they want for booking a new Tata Nano and there should be a 24 hrs attendant on the website who can chat live with the customers and give information about the product. These all ideas can help us eliminating the middle men from the chain which will surely decrease the variable costs. 9.2 Physical Flow Transporters, Warehouses Tata Motor at India Assembly Workshop At UK Customers From the diagram, we can understand that as per the basis of demand the car will send in parts from India and will b assembled in the workshop in the UK can know. The final step is to send the product direct for the customer collection. 9.3 Payment Flow Tata Motor at India Sale Office At UK Banks Customers Banks Customers can have two option of paying the bills either by cash or by bank. Because of this diagram the customer will be pay less because the cost of commission of the middle men like retailer and franchise are not included in the flow chart. It is also good for the Tata Motor because the payment will be collected more efficiently. 9.4 Information Flow Tata Motor at India Sale Office At UK Customers Informations like product, price development and so on can be given direatly by Tata motors to their customers. And by the help of various services like response calls and mailings or through internet blog, Tata can identify the need of the customers. The complaints of the customers have to be dealt directly. So that customer will be fully satisfied at the end of the day. 9.5 Promotion Flow Marketing Campaign/Event Tata Motor at India Sale Office At UK Customers Media Have two ways of promotion flow, directly and indirectly. Directly is well organize the marketing campaign, event and road show. By this way, well promote Tatanano to target market by face by face and provide the opportunities to them try to drive the Tatanano. Indirect ways are we will do the advertisement through media such as internet, TV, radio and also newspaper. By this promotion flow, Tata Motor aims to create brand awareness and increase the sales in the UK. 10.0 Financial Plan The overview of the Tata motors will be done in this section. The major financial aspect like expense forecast, sale forecast, break even analysis and their relation to the market strategy are included in the section. 10.1 Break even analysis Break even analysis indicates that 3369 unit or  £ 28,615,563 will be required in monthly sales revenue to reach the breakeven point. Table: Break Even Analysis Break even analysis : Monthly unit break even 3369 Monthly sales break even  £ 28,615,563 Monthly unit production 6083 Average per unit revenue  £8,492 Average per unit variable cost  £5,550 Average per unit fixed cost  £1,630.11 Estimated monthly fixed cost  £9,916,915 10.2 Sales forecast Sale was done with adjustment of seasonal factor and is on quarterly basis. Graduation month was used as seasonal factor to adjust our forecasted sales because our primary targets are the graduation students. There is an increase of 10% sales annually according to the forecast, graph given below represent the sale forecast. Figure : Sales Forecast 10.3 Marketing Expense Forecast Marketing expense forecast provides an indication about when our marketing plan has to be modified and it also keep marketing department focused toward their goal. Advertisement, marketing campaign, direct marketing and other are all the major categories in which the expensed are tracked down. The marketing budgeting is quite necessary for most of the companies from it affect the total sale of the quarter. In 2010 Tata motors believe that marketing expense will not be more than 4 percent of total sales. 11.0 IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL The idea behind the marketing plan of Tata Nano is to show the current standing of the company. The performance of the company can be improved by observing following areas of the company: Monthly and annual revenue of the company Monthly and annual expenses of the company Satisfaction of the customers A 10 percent growth in the annual sales of the company 11.1 Marketing Organization The main responsibility of a marketing manager should be taking control of all marketing activities. Marketing manager will designate all the promotional and advertising responsibilities to his juniors. Sales performance will be the responsibility of the sale manager. The entire department will be work under the guidance of marketing director 11.2 Contingency plan: Difficulties and risks: One of the difficulties that will be face by the company

Schutz?s theory Essay -- essays research papers

In today’s paper, I will be analysis personal relationship using Schutz’s theory of interpersonal needs. According to Communication Making Connection by William J. Seiler and Melissa L. Beall, Schutz’s theory implies that we have three needs: the need for affection, the need for inclusion, and the need for control. According to Schutz’s theory, the need for affection is the need to feel likeable or lovable. If various people like a specific person, that person has effectively fulfill this need and that need is referred as personal. Someone who is unable to fulfill this need is labeled either underpersonal or overpersonal. Personal individuals want to be liked, but they do not consider being liked by everyone essential for happiness. Underpersonal people avoid emotional commitments or involvement with others. Overpersonal individuals will often go to the extremes to ensure acceptance by others. It is my belief that, I am a personal individual. I’m the type of person that feels like I’m capable of dealing with anyone that I come in contact with. Many people that I’ve encounter over the years like my football teammate feel that I’m cocky; nevertheless I tell them that I’m just confident. My ex-girlfriend, shontell, on the other hand is more an overpersonal type of individual. She needs to be at the center of attention in order to ensure that she is acceptance by she peers. She will not make a decision without someone approval. According to Schutz’s theory, the interpersonal ne...

A Guide to Writing Research Papers for Every University Students

Research papers are detailed documents containing results of an experiment or investigations. Research papers contain the details of the investigation from the gathering of data, the background of the study, materials or procedures in arriving with such conclusions and most importantly the recording and analysis of the results.According to Thomas R. Brown1, research papers make statements then attempt to prove it by doing current research, it enables the student to pursue his own specific interests within a given area of study. Thus, research papers helps the student stimulate thinking in discovering and sharing his findings with the aid of a paper.There are a lot to consider in writing a research paper, the thesis statement, the citing of the references, grammar, making the necessary footnotes and of course the selection of the topic.What every student should know is that a research paper can only be realized once a topic is selected. Usually the selection of the topic depends upon the researcher and the course of subject regarding the topic he wishes to undertake.It is best to read several articles regarding the topic to understand fully the topic with no difficulty. But a researcher must bear in mind that whatever topic he chooses, he must be certain that the researcher takes interest in the topic, he must select a topic that is not too broad so that references will be easy to find and most importantly the researcher will go to extreme measures in order to complete the research sacrificing time, the use of money and the need for energy.Once a preferred topic is selected, an outline or project plan is made where random thoughts and ideas of the researcher are arranged so that the creation of the paper will easily follow.Then the researcher will make the draft. It is advisable to make the draft with the aid of the computer so that revisions and modifications will not be hard. The draft contains the research itself but it is still subjected to revisions, it als o contains your thesis statement.   A   thesis statement   tells what the research paper   is about   and its significance and.1 â€Å"the rearch paper.† Thomas R. Brown. June 12, 2004, on mywebpages. 06 Jun. 2007 .what the researcher intends to verify. The thesis statement must not be too broad so that specific issues can be discussed thoroughly. In the words of Zachary M. Schurg2, a thesis is an argument that can be supported by evidence, and it must have three qualities: interpretation, precision, and surprise.In interpretation, the statement must explain what the paper intends to prove thus answering the question â€Å"why†. The second element in a thesis statement, precision, deals with the discussion of facts with accuracy which further explains the research paper. And the last element, surprise, a thesis statement must present revelations regarding the subject that the reader does not know in order to catch the researcher’s attention and give th e research value.Example of a thesis statement is: Children nowadays do not stay children, effects of the society and the media may have caused such behavior in children. Since the thesis statement is indeed a statement, it must not be in a form of a question. This statement only requires two to three sentences. The thesis statement is usually found in the introductory paragraph.The only problem now is how to write the paper in such a fashion that everyone can understand it. Research papers, like all important documents containing information, follows rules in order to be understood by those who take interest in the topic. Generally the research paper, have margins of 1† on top, bottom and right side, and 1.5 â€Å"on the right side. The researcher must write with double line spacing with the exemption of quotations and the list of reference.And the paper must observe font size should be 10 points or larger, Times New Roman. Page numbers should also be observed upon making th e paper and must be reflected on the upper right of the paper. The paper should be justified. And of course in writing important documents of research and information grammar should be observed to avoid ridicule and mockery of the paper.